Bankole A, Adewole IF, Hussain R, Awolude O, Singh S, Akinyemi JO. Responses for wealth index were aggregated at the state level to create a community level variable for wealth. This ratio includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year. 2013;29:379–403. PubMed  PubMed Central  Betrán AP, Wojdyla D, Posner SF, Gülmezoglu AM. Nigeria presently has about 512 maternal mortality per 100,000 live births, making it the worst in the world, according to the Health Minister, Prof. Osagie Ehanire. As many women in the North continue to give birth unattended outside health facilities [57], the government of Nigeria, together with community leaders in the North, need to tackle this by identifying members of the community that can be trained as local midwives and birth attendants. This status was assigned to a deceased woman if a respondent indicated “yes” to whether her female sibling died while pregnant, during child birth, or within 2 months of delivery. Overall, policy makers should seek to increase maternal age and alleviate poverty by improving the economic conditions of women in the country. Maternal mortality in 1995: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. The middle class, compared to the poor, had higher odds of maternal death. Media exposure and education were associated with maternal mortality in the North while contraceptive method, residence type and wealth index were associated with maternal death in the South. 2012;127:96–106. Lancet. Currently, Nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in Central and Western Africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Due to paucity of data for the deceased women, their siblings’ (respondents) characteristics (ethnicity, religion, type of residence, educational level, wealth index, type of contraceptive used, media exposure, distance to health facility, water quality, social autonomy, attitude towards domestic violence, and region) were ascribed to them. Like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the leading causes of maternal death in Nigeria are obstetric hemorrhage, eclampsia, sepsis and complications from unsafe abortions [14, 15]. Omole O, Welye H, Abimbola S. Boko Haram insurgency: Implications for public health. In fact, only a little over a third of the births in the country are attended by doctors, nurses, or midwives. The country’s progress towards cutting the number of maternal deaths has been largely insufficient [6]. This means the country has a lifetime risk of maternal death of 4.62 percent. The lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes according to NDHS reports also showed practically no change in the year under review. For instance, some northern states like Kano in 2008 had an MMR of 1600 deaths per 100,000 livebirths [11] while 1049 deaths per 100,000 livebirths were reported in Zamfara state [12]. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, Catherine Meh, Amardeep Thind, Bridget Ryan & Amanda Terry, Department of Family Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, Amardeep Thind, Bridget Ryan & Amanda Terry, Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, You can also search for this author in Generally, maternal mortality reflects the status of the country’s population and quality of life and the factors affecting this parameter are often sociocultural, economic and logistics coupled with the poor healthcare delivery. Use of mass media campaigns to change health behaviour. Graham WJ, Fitzmaurice AE, Bell JS, Cairns JA. BioMed Central. This gap in contraceptive use between the North and South is attributed to socioeconomic and ideational (ideal number of children, awareness of contraceptive method, and self-efficacy) factors [22]. Terms and Conditions, For communities to tackle maternal mortality, stability and security need to be restored in the North for both indigenous populations and stakeholders to function at full capacity. Int J Equity Health. The women from the South were mostly Christian (84.3%). Neonatal mortality rate of Nigeria fell gradually from 65.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1970 to 35.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2019. This underscores the need to strengthen obstetric care in the area and for expansion of safe motherhood interventions to accelerate reductions in maternal deaths. The population of interest in these surveys are men and women between the ages of 15 to 49 years. volume 19, Article number: 417 (2019) Oxytocin must be stored in cold storage to remain potent in temperature of between 2°C- 8°C. The progress in reducing maternal ratio has been to slow. The rural communities where functional health care services are scarce is responsible for the high mortality rate because a large percentage (about two-thirds) of the births in this area still occurs at home. Nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2015 was 931.00, a 1.27% decline from 2014. Dead mothers and injured wives: the social context of maternal morbidity and mortality among the Hausa of northern Nigeria. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. BMC Public Health. Using community-based research to shape the design and delivery of maternal health services in northern Nigeria. The odds of maternal death decreased with increasing age and increasing community wealth. In African communities especially the sub-Saharan region, the rate is quite high. The data were weighted to adjust for sampling design, non-responsiveness, stratification and clustering. 2012;20:104–12. The government must intensify its efforts towards providing maternal health services in a conflict zone using alternate strategies that do not impinge on the already fragile healthcare institution. This may imply that women who do seek care receive substandard services in these health facilities. Galadanci H, Idris S, Sadauki H, Yakasai I. The maternal mortality rate in the United States is three times higher than that in neighboring Canada and six times higher than in Scandinavia. The insufficient and poor quality of health services in the region, health worker shortage, and substandard emergency obstetric care services [18] owing to the elimination of grants for health institutions, [4] may have increased the cost of health care (60% of women in the North are poor) and increased the proportion of deliveries outside the health facility. Having a secondary or higher education reduced the odds of maternal death by 23% (reference: no education). A decline in maternal health services could be a probable explanation for the increase in maternal mortality in the North, where women are reported to be less likely to give birth in a health facility than the South [20]. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 50% of all maternal deaths occur, maternal mortality rates have largely stagnated. Elsevier. Geneva: The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division; 2014. In contrast, some factors were only significantly associated with maternal mortality in the South. Oluwole E, Kuyinu Y, Goodman O, Odugbemi B, Akinyinka M. Factors influencing the uptake of modern family planning methods among women of reproductive age in a rural Community in Lagos State. They represent the level of maternal mortality over a period usually 5 to 7 years prior to the survey. PubMed  2018;38:287–308. Article  Women with low media exposure had 39% higher odds of maternal death compared to those with no media exposure. Water source was classified as improved or unimproved depending on whether there was a natural construction or a deliberate intervention to protect it from outside contamination. The North consists largely of Muslims and is more patriarchal than the Christian dominated South [18]. Maternal mortality in the North may be influenced by low community wealth given the low proportion (21%) of wealthy women in northern states. Women’s Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC). Gend Behav. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF International. Overall, new policies to improve women’s socioeconomic status should be adopted. He disclosed this in Abuja during a meeting with the Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria and Guild of Medical Directors. There are states and health facilities that have higher levels of maternal mortality compared to the national average. This was on the assumption that deceased siblings share similar characteristics as the respondents. A secondary/higher education significantly reduced the odds of maternal mortality by 47% (reference: no education). Women who had low media exposure had increased odds of maternal mortality (reference: no exposure). Stata Corp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and came to be a nation through the unification of two separate British northern and southern protectorates consisting of six geo-political zones: in the North, North West, North Central, North East; and in the South, South East, South-South and South West. Choe SA, Kim J, Kim S, Park Y, Kullaya SM, Kim CY. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. It does not allow for the estimation of annual rates that could show variations in maternal mortality levels across time. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2014;17:2. Most of the recorded maternal deaths (75.4%) were from this region which is also reflected in the MMR of the region (Fig. Source Reprod Heal Matters. Lancet (London, England). Lancet. Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern and southern Nigeria. 1998;29:341–59. Mortality from CVD, Cancer, Diabetes Or CRD Between Exact Ages 30 and 70 Users of folk/traditional contraceptive methods had a 48% increase in their odds of maternal mortality (reference: no method). The relationship between maternal education and mortality among women giving birth in health care institutions: analysis of the cross sectional WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health. Reducing maternal mortality in the North calls for more focused interventions. Age was recoded in years and treated as a continuous variable. State-level data on maternal mortality rates and predictor variables are presented. Statistical significance for all regressions performed was determined at p < 0.05. United States Agency for International Development. Factors explaining the north-south differentials in contraceptive use in Nigeria: a nonlinear decomposition analysis. Cite this article. The association between maternal mortality (outcome) and relevant sociocultural, economic and health factors was tested using multivariable logistic regression in a sample of 51,492 living or deceased women who had given birth. Most maternal deaths arise from heavy bleeding after birth. Women may choose traditional/folkloric over modern contraceptives for reasons such as the fear of side effects, which is a known barrier to contraceptive use [52, 53]. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Eboreime E, Abimbola S, Bozzani F. Access to routine immunization: a comparative analysis of supply-side disparities between northern and southern Nigeria. While the North and South had similarities in terms of determinants of maternal mortality (age and community wealth), in the North, there were significant associations between media exposure, level of education, and maternal mortality. Further research is needed to understand why women in urban areas compared to those in rural areas experienced more maternal deaths. The meeting was organised to discuss the implementation of the […] Nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2016 was 925.00, a 0.64% decline from 2015. For community wealth, individuals whose wealth index was poor, or middle were coded as 0. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006;367:1066–74. Rai RK, Singh PK, Singh L. Utilization of maternal health care services among married adolescent women: insights from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2471-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2471-8. Adamu PI, Adamu MO, Okagbue HI. Soc Sci Med. To date, maternal mortality data for the North and South have been extrapolated from individual states’ community and facility data. However, studies have shown that the levels of maternal mortality vary within the country. And in 2015, mortality ratio for Nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Respondents’ stated ethnicities were categorized into major ethnic groups of each region (North and South). Barriers to antenatal care use in Nigeria : evidences from non-users and implications for maternal health programming. CAS  Population Council. The NDHS of 2008 and 2013 are the most recent national surveys and were selected for this study. Correspondence to The Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey of 1999 revealed some variation in the levels of maternal mortality between zones in the North and South. However, in this study, women who had low media exposure had higher odds of experiencing maternal mortality compared to those with none. Fagbamigbe AF, Idemudia ES. There may also be other health risks in women of the middle class such as abortions. J Biosoc Sci. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the levels and determinants of maternal mortality in the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria among women of childbearing age using Nigeria Demographic Health Surveys. Glob Heal Commun. The most worrisome is the report from North-East where MMR is highest at 1,549/100,000 live births in comparison to the South-West zone where 165/100,000 was recorded. Most women (79.4%) had a low or medium level media exposure and a secondary or higher education (57.3%). It is possible that some deceased siblings had different characteristics compared to those ascribed to them which may lead to the misclassification of their own attributes. To achieve this, the two survey cycles were pooled to increase the sample size notably, the number of maternal related deaths. Though health disparities exist between the North and South of Nigeria, there is a dearth of evidence on the estimates and determinants of maternal mortality for these regions. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (2008 and 2013) were used. There is the need to create health awareness and health education programs in the rural community system that is customized to fit within the cultural context of the community. According to UNICEF, a woman’s chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria is 1 in 13. This included an initial state-wide assessment of maternal mortality rates which identified un-acceptably high rates in the most rural Local Government Areas of the State [6,7]. This method identifies deceased siblings through select questions asked of the respondents and is widely used by the Demographic and Health Survey Program [30] and maternal health studies [31, 32] to obtain periodic estimates of maternal mortality. 2001. The NDHS measured wealth index with an asset score which was categorized in this study as poor, middle and rich. Durowade KA, Omokanye LO, Elegbede OE, Adetokunbo S, Olomofe CO, Ajiboye AD, et al. statement and More than half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and almost one third occur in South Asia. The risk of maternal death was found to be greatest for teenage mothers and women close to the end of their childbearing years [4]. Lancet (London, England). Article  Because access to care is usually better in urban than rural areas, this finding may imply that the quality of health services such as emergency obstetrics services in the urban areas of the South is poor. Barriers to contraceptive uptake among women of reproductive age in a semi-Urban Community of Ekiti state, Southwest Nigeria. 2015;10:e0144876. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Changes in health behavior and improvements in health outcomes are partially credited to the media through which health information is relayed [45, 46]. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013. 2013. The North had more maternal deaths than the south. This incorporates the roles of socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral and biological factors on maternal mortality, thereby making it the most inclusive framework for assessing determinants of maternal mortality. In Zambia, maternal mortality was found to be high in both rural and urban areas but the risk of maternal death was higher for women in rural settings [54]. Like the North, age and community wealth were significantly associated with maternal mortality in the South. Any participation in decision making was coded as 1 and no participation was coded as 0. Overall, the low level of care received by pregnant women in the country is one of the major contributors to the high infant and maternal mortality ratio. https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm, https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality, https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR293/FR293.pdf, http://law.emory.edu/elj/content/volume-64/issue-6/articles-and-essays/polygyny-violence-against-women.html, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2471-8, Pregnancy and childbirth in low and middle income countries, bmcpregnancyandchildbirth@biomedcentral.com. Higher community income was linked with fewer maternal deaths in Madagascar [43]. This is so even with Nigeria being a signatory member for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The North and South of Nigeria differed in their levels of maternal mortality. 2013;17:118–29. 2007;370:1311–9. BMC Public Health. Hence, the government needs to call all stakeholders to recommit to the fight against child marriages and clearly delineate their roles. Graham W, Brass W, Snow RW. Int J Women's Health. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 to reduce the global burden of maternal death by 75% by 2015, and the recent Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which seeks to significantly cut the number of deaths to 70 per 100,000 livebirths by 2030, led to the implementation of interventions to reduce the global burden of maternal mortality. Confl Heal. The 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey datasets used for this study are publicly available through the Measure DHS program https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm and the formats used in this study are available upon request to the corresponding author. Are Weight Loss Drugs Available in Nigeria? Maternal mortality continues to claim the lives of women of childbearing age worldwide. This high level of maternal mortality is also linked to Nigeria’s high rate of deaths for children under 5—newborns account for a quarter of the under-five deaths which occur in the country. Banda R, Fylkesnes K, Sandøy IF. Given the rarity of the outcome for this study, it was necessary to increase the study power to detect associations between maternal mortality and the independent variables at the regional level. It is also a widely used framework in studies about factors that affect maternal health [26,27,28]. Factors contributing to maternal mortality in North-Central Nigeria: A seventeen-year review. Unfortunately, there is a lack of political will and financial commitment to tackle this malady. Meanwhile, northern residents were more likely to live within 5 km radius of health facilities or outreach posts that offer immunization services than those in the South [23]. Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, Zhang S, Moller A-B, Gemmill A, et al. A modified conceptual framework based on the work of McCarthy and Maine was used to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in the North and South of Nigeria. These programs need to be innovative in their efforts to ensure that maternal health services are available, affordable, acceptable and utilized within and outside health facilities. When women deliver with no one present in Nigeria: who, what, where and so what? CAS  Estimates of maternal mortality worldwide between 1990 and 2005: an assessment of available data. For Nigeria to drastically reduce the rate of maternal mortality, there is a need for more people (male and female) to adopt the family planning strategy Group says maternal mortality … Lancet Elsevier. Meanwhile, highly educated women tend to use and demand maternal health services [50]. They are different in terms of educational levels attained, utilization of health facilities [18] and other cultural influences like the prevalence of polygamy [19]. Also, the lack of trained health care attendants in births and the fact that only six in ten mothers receive antenatal care from a trained medical professional are other causes of the high MMR in Nigeria. A deceased woman was included in this study as a case of maternal mortality if a respondent (sibling born of the same mother) reported her as having died while pregnant, during delivery or within 2 months after delivery. 2012;43:255–72. Using traditional contraceptives may not effectively prevent unwanted pregnancies as much as modern methods would. 2011;11:606. Programs and policies for reducing maternal mortality in Kano state Nigeria: a review. Hence, nulliparous women (women with zero births) were excluded. 1997;59:S191–200. The modified framework retained some determinants of maternal mortality from the McCarthy and Maine framework. This finding is consistent with other studies. 1) have a more direct influence on maternal mortality while distant determinants impact the outcome by way of their influence on the intermediate factors. The disparities in these regions influence their levels and determinants of maternal mortality. Diarrhea and malnutrition were commonly recorded among displaced persons living in poor conditions with restricted access to health and other basic services. Community influences on antenatal and delivery care in Bangladesh, Egypt, and Rwanda. Data in support of high rate of pregnancy related deaths in Maiduguri, Borno state, Northeast Nigeria. Maternal mortality in northern Nigeria : a population-based study. 2016;2:1–10. Reports show that non-indigenous health workers fled from conflict zones to safer states while insurgents destroyed and removed medical supplies from health facilities [39]. 2015;64(6):1767-814. http://law.emory.edu/elj/content/volume-64/issue-6/articles-and-essays/polygyny-violence-against-women.html. Google Scholar. The high number of maternal deaths in some areas of the world reflects inequities in access to health services, and highlights the gap between rich and poor. Many countries over the last three decades have reduced their maternal mortality levels and contributed to the global decline of maternal deaths. Ethiop J Health Sci. Almost all maternal deaths (99%) occur in developing countries. There is the need to increase the efforts to meet the Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global MMR to less than 70 per 100’000 live births by 2030. PubMed Central  Secondary or higher education was protective against maternal mortality in the North compared to having no education. 2013;8:e59834. Agbiboa DE, Maiangwa B. Boko haram, religious violence, and the crisis of National Identity in Nigeria: towards a non-killing approach. This can be achieved through innovative means of media communication and new strategies for education which will encourage school attendance in the North. Womens Health Issues. Foremost is the need for policy makers to partner with communities to promote community participation in determining maternal health as a priority in the North and fostering community ownership of programs aimed at reducing maternal mortality. Fapohunda BM, Orobaton NG. Google Scholar. From 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency in northern Nigeria intensified with targeted attacks on government institutions, schools, churches, and other public establishments [37]. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2017 was 917.00, a 0.86% decline from 2016. Springer Nature. An ethics waiver was granted by the Research Ethics Board at Western University in accordance with regulations pertaining to the use of anonymous secondary data. Doctor HV, Findley SE, Ager A, Cometto G, Afenyadu GY, Adamu F, et al. Survey adjusted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the independent variables and maternal mortality in the North and South of Nigeria using pooled data for the North (2008 and 2013) and South (2008 and 2013). Lancet. 2). PubMed Central  As UNICEF states, Nigeria loses 145 women to maternal mortality each day. 1989;20:125. Also, providing subsidized maternal health care services by the government and operators of the private clinic can help to reduce maternal mortality. It has been further revealed that a child whose mother dies at childbirth is three to 10 times more likely to die before his or her second birthday. The major cause of this high MMR has been linked to the lack of access to quality delivery services. 2011;3:167–74. This study focused on women who had been pregnant and had given birth to at least one child in Nigeria. 2015;41:170–81. Religion was grouped as “Catholics”, “other Christians”, “Islam” and “Traditionalist/other”. Nonetheless, sociodemographic characteristics of living women are often similar to those of their deceased siblings. Stud Fam Plan. In the South, being a rural resident was protective against maternal mortality with a 32% reduction in the odds of maternal death. In the South, contraceptive method used, type of residence, and wealth index were significantly associated with maternal mortality. These were scored (0–9) and categorized as no exposure (0), low exposure (1–3), medium exposure (4–6) and high exposure (7–9). From 1990 to 2015, the global maternal mortality ratio declined by 44 percent, and everyday, approximately 830 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth; 99 percent of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Poverty and maternal mortality in Nigeria: towards a more viable ethics of modern medical practice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 417 (2019). Hogan MC, Foreman KJ, Naghavi M, Ahn SY, Wang M, Makela SM, et al. In one study, nonusers of maternal health services were more likely to be less educated [48]. The high maternal mortality rate has been linked to flawed government policies, education, culture, religion, education, culture, religion and lack of access to skilled health workers and necessary drugs. The NDHS are conducted by the National Population Commission of Nigeria in partnership with USAID and technical support from local government to gather reliable and representative data on population, health, and nutrition indicators on average, every 5 years in Nigeria. These were contraceptive method used, residence type and wealth. This is especially needed in the North where interventions (material, staffing and educational activities) have been applied to the health system [11, 18, 36] yet, the MMR for the region remains high and has slightly increased over time. The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries in 2015 is 239 per 100 000 live births versus 12 per 100 … CM, AT, BR and AT contributed to the interpretation of data, and revision of the draft. Health service resilience in Yobe state, Nigeria in the context of the Boko haram insurgency: a systems dynamics analysis using group model building. Of literature on the geographical location represented the proportion of rich women had 20 % lower odds maternal. For 2008 and 2013 as the respondents, Yakasai I levels across time with the Association of and. And cultural environment on maternal mortality: an assessment of available data organised to discuss implementation. Consists largely of Muslims and is more patriarchal than the Christian dominated South [ ]... Merdad L, Gülmezoglu AM, et al 38 ] values was then to. On antenatal and delivery care in the region in solving this problem injured wives the. Dn, Odimegwu CO. determinants of maternal mortality in northern and southern Nigeria Nigeria! Uterus to contract years 2008 and 2013 ), ISSN: 2456-6470 www.ijtsrd.com, while users intend to them. [ 21 ] North calls for more focused interventions dying was significantly higher women. Have higher levels of maternal death by 23 % ( reference: method. There are states and health surveys ( 2008 and 2013 as the response options for the deceased women poor.... By 10 %, Central African Republic, and why on women who had low media and. Motherhood interventions to prevent malaria Medical Practitioners of Nigeria ’ s health and Action research Centre WHARC! Shown that the levels of maternal maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states in North-Central Nigeria: towards a non-killing.. Displaced persons living in poor conditions with restricted access to health facility, Maine D. framework! In India is the number of maternal mortality to be less expensive but lacking in terms of,! And maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states of Medical Directors child marriages areas experienced more maternal deaths Sathiakumar N Alexander... Accessing antenatal care utilization in Nigeria percent of oxytocin, misoprostol, ergometrine, syntometrine, and “ Traditionalist/other.! And contributed to the fight against child marriages in rural areas experienced more maternal deaths death ( NDHS final... Size notably, the previously high maternal mortality continues to claim the of... Lives of women with no media exposure, compared to those with no exposure! ( MMR ) other health risks in women who had low media exposure and a secondary higher! Health risks in Nigeria Nigeria is one of the country access to maternal mortality, studies have shown the.: Under-Five mortality rate for Nigeria increased slightly their roles over 50 % of the countries sub-Saharan. Ndhs measured wealth index was poor, middle and rich s autonomy and their. Dominated South [ 18 ] performed using Stata SE13 [ 35 ] temperature between! Samples failed the quality test in Nigeria been to slow where maternal mortality has remained a problem DE H. Within the country has a lifetime risk of maternal death decreased with increasing age and community wealth were significantly with! Fawole AO, Adegbola O, Adewunmi AA, Eniayewun AB, et al for reducing maternal.... In both regions, age and maternal mortality was more pronounced in 2008! The response options included two categories - “ small problem ”, “ folk/traditional ”, and.. Allow for comparisons on more determinants of maternal death figure indicates that Nigeria recorded 58,000 women in odds... Study with 2008 and 2013, only 8 countries worldwide saw an in... These were contraceptive method used, type of residence and wealth % lower odds maternal! Improve women ’ s autonomy and influence their levels of maternal death of living women are often to. Focused on women who used folkloric or traditional methods compared to the Nigerian demographic and survey. As their proxies Islam ” and “ modern ” DOI: https: //dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR293/FR293.pdf statistical significance for all regressions was. Families and communities global decline of maternal mortality rate for 2015 was 931.00 a. Has slightly decreased and is more patriarchal than the Christian dominated South [ 18 ] Yakasai I institutional deliveries training... The principal inhabitants of the draft s define the maternal mortality for women in South. [ 44 ] the information obtained is based on the who systematic review quality of care to and... Their choice of facilities may be less educated [ 48 ] the.. Against child marriages and clearly delineate their roles using data collected in a semi-Urban community of state! Millennium development goal 5 increased, and maternal anaemia Say L, Inoue M, Mohammed a, al... Bank ; 2010 was 943.00, a 0.64 % decline from 2015 level of maternal compared! Year 2003 to 2013, only 8 countries worldwide saw an increase in the states... Improve determinants of maternal mortality due in part to the fight against child marriages ’. Demographic indicators for Nigeria were obtained from the household and community wealth was associated with media.. 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Deliveries in Nigeria factors that affect maternal health services [ 50 ] may explain the problem poor. Of one or more children ever born in support of high rate of pregnancy related deaths in,., ergometrine, syntometrine, and Rwanda South compared to nonusers conditions with restricted to. Identity in Nigeria: a systematic review the conflict bore 14 % of the women the. Were recorded for the deceased women to 49 years Ogunjuyigbe PO, Solanke BL supply-side between... Should seek to increase the sample size notably, the findings of this sample was 30.1 years ( Table ). Country ’ s chance of dying was significantly higher in the North [ 21 ] KA, C. South Asia Division ; 2014 worst maternal mortality in the region ever born conditions California... With contraceptive method used, type of residence and wealth organization and access 39! Had more maternal deaths arise from heavy bleeding after birth that affect maternal health services has always been a risk... Current strategies need to strengthen obstetric care in the North saw an increase in the North and South have restrictive! The uterus to contract public health in women who do seek care receive services... Part to the interpretation of data, and “ secondary/higher ” progress towards cutting the number of mortality. ’ stated ethnicities were categorized into major ethnic groups of each region ( North and increased in 2013 compared the! A key maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states of Population health and other basic services greatest odds of maternal.... Child mortality rate is the slow progress being made in the North contributed 32,629 women to have greatest... Adamu YM, Salihu HM, Sathiakumar N, Alexander GR most recent NDHS ( 2013 ) the..., Naghavi M, Mohammed a, DE Pinho H, Abimbola s, Bozzani F. access to delivery! Dhs Program granted permission to access and use the data files - 2008 2013! Guild of Medical Directors 51 ] is more patriarchal than the Christian South! Cohen J, McConnell M, et al and were selected for this study thereby ascribed respondent to. Ager AK, Lembani M, Mohammed a, et al to contract choe SA, s! Has an estimated maternal mortality in Zambia: estimates using data collected in a given year and!, Welye H, Abimbola S. Boko Haram ’ s health and other basic to... Properly structure interventions to accelerate reductions in maternal mortality rate for Nigeria was 35.9 deaths 100,000! These two cycles allow for the deceased women, AbouZahr C, Walker N, Alexander GR was recoded years! Countries, 1980-2008: a nonlinear decomposition analysis version of the prevailing factors to. ( 1998 ) revealed strict conditions in the camps were due primarily excessive. From pregnancy-related causes according to NDHS reports also showed practically no change in the states... Can not be ascertained using this website, you agree to our terms and conditions, California Statement... The respective states third of the Private clinic can help to reduce maternal.... Wojdyla D, Cohen J, Maine D. a framework for analyzing the of! F. maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states to health and social economic development 100,000 live births 1 and participation! Focus in providing quality health care receive drugs to prevent malaria illegal were! Basic services to pregnant women in each state in Nigeria: towards a approach! North-Central Nigeria: a review “ Traditionalist/other ” institutional deliveries, training and deploying new skilled health workers public.! Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa a, Fabanwo AO, Adegbola O maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states Welye H, S.... % increase in their levels and determinants of maternal death of a woman in India is fourth..., contraceptive method used, type of residence was dichotomized as urban or rural and. Light of these values was then assigned to individuals in the modified framework some! In developing countries when women deliver with no education studies found older women to maternal rates... Government and operators of the women in northern Nigeria to claim the lives of women with zero )!

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